Optical layered composite having a coating thickness below a threshold and its application in augmented reality

ABSTRACT

An optical layered composite includes: a substrate having a front face, a back face, a thickness d s  between the front face and the back face and a refractive index n s ; and a coating applied to the front face. The coating comprises one or more coating layers. For at least one wavelength λ g  in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm, the coating satisfies one of the following criterion: n c &lt;n s ; or n c &gt;n s , and 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 d 
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                     k 
                     
                       
                         
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                         - 
                         
                           n 
                           s 
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                   · 
                   arctan 
                 
                  
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         n 
                         s 
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                       - 
                       1 
                     
                     
                       
                         n 
                         c 
                         2 
                       
                       - 
                       
                         n 
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             ; 
           
         
       
     
     n c  is a mean refractive index of the coating layers, weighted by thickness; do is a total thickness of the coating; thicknesses are determined in a direction perpendicular to the front face; and k=λ g /4π.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

In general, the present invention relates to an optical layeredcomposite, in particular for use in an augmented reality device. Inparticular, the present invention relates to an optical layeredcomposite and a process for its preparation, a device comprising theoptical layered composite and a process for its preparation, and the useof an optical layered composite in an augmented reality device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Augmented reality is a high activity technological area serving a rangeof use areas, such as entertainment, medical, educational, constructionand transport, to name just a few examples. By contrast to the relatedarea of virtual reality, augmented reality centers on a closeintegration of multimedia information with real world sensory input,typically by selectively over-laying a digital image onto a spectaclewindow. Technical challenges arise from the simultaneous requirements ofa good real world image, a good overlaid image along with goodwear-ability. Once approach to an augmented reality device is presentedin International patent application number WO 2017/176861A1. Thatdocument teaches a system in which an over-laid image is coupled into awearable screen and propagated in a transverse direction. A requirementstill exists for improved devices for augmented reality.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein overcome at least one of thechallenges encountered in the state of the art in relation to augmentedreality devices, in particular in relation to propagation of an image inan optical body.

Some exemplary embodiments disclosed herein improve the field of view inan augmented reality device.

Some exemplary embodiments disclosed herein increase transmission of animage when propagated in a transverse direction in an optical body.

Some exemplary embodiments disclosed herein improve color fidelity in anaugmented reality device.

Some exemplary embodiments disclosed herein provide a device in whichtransverse propagation of an image is improved whilst simultaneouslyachieving good anti-reflect properties for longitudinally incidentlight.

Some exemplary embodiments disclosed herein provide an augmented realitydevice with a reduced weight and good optical properties.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this invention,and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and theinvention will be better understood by reference to the followingdescription of embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction withthe accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention having a substrateand 4 coating layers;

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a substrate employedaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention with side couplingof an overlaid image;

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention with back sidecoupling of an overlaid image;

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an AR device providedaccording to the pre-sent invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention having a 4 layercoating;

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention having a 6 layercoating;

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention having a coatingcomprising so-called needle layers;

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a device comprising threeoptical layered composites provided according to the present inventionarranged in a stack;

FIG. 10 illustrates an arrangement for determining in-plane optical lossof a target;

FIG. 11 illustrates a sample depth positive ion profile in the ToF SIMStest method; and

FIG. 12 illustrates sample reflectance data with a numerical fitaccording to the reflectance test method.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding partsthroughout the several views. The exemplifications set out hereinillustrate embodiments of the invention and such exemplifications arenot to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in anymanner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Exemplary embodiments provided according to the present invention aredescribed further herein.

In some exemplary embodiments provided according to the presentinvention, an optical layered composite includes: a substrate having afront face, a back face, a thickness d_(s) between the front face andthe back face and a refractive index n_(s); and a coating applied to thefront face, the coating comprising one or more coating layers. For atleast one wavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm, thecoating satisfies the following criterion either:

$\begin{matrix}{{n_{c} < n_{s}};{or}} &  {i.} ) \\{{n_{c} > n_{s}},{{{and}\mspace{14mu} d_{c}} < {{\frac{k}{\sqrt{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}} \cdot \arctan}\sqrt{\frac{n_{s}^{2} - 1}{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}}}}} &  {{ii}.} )\end{matrix}$

wherein n_(c) is a mean refractive index of the coating layers, weightedby thickness;wherein d_(c) is a total thickness of the coating;wherein thicknesses are determined in a direction perpendicular to thefront face;wherein k=λ_(g)/4π.

In some embodiments, sub-criterion i.) is satisfied for at least onewavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm. In someembodiments, sub-criterion ii.) is satisfied for at least one wavelengthλ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm.

In some embodiments, for at least one wavelength λ_(g) in the range from390 nm to 700 nm, the coating satisfies the following criterion either:

$\begin{matrix}{{n_{c} < n_{s}};{or}} &  {{ib}.} ) \\{{n_{c} > n_{s}},{{{{and}\mspace{14mu} 50\mspace{14mu} {nm}} + d_{c}} < {{\frac{k}{\sqrt{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}} \cdot \arctan}\sqrt{\frac{n_{s}^{2} - 1}{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}}}}} &  {{iib}.} )\end{matrix}$

wherein n_(c) is the mean refractive index of the coating layers,weighted by thickness;wherein d_(c) is the total thickness of the coating;wherein thicknesses are determined in a direction perpendicular to thefront face;wherein k=λ_(g)/4π.

In some embodiments, sub-criterion ib.) is satisfied for at least onewavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm. In someembodiments, sub-criterion iib.) is satisfied for at least onewavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm.

In some embodiments, for at least one wavelength λ_(g) in the range from390 nm to 700 nm, the coating satisfies the following criterion either:

$\begin{matrix}{{n_{c} < n_{s}};{or}} &  {{ic}.} ) \\{{n_{c} > n_{s}},{{{{and}\mspace{14mu} 100\mspace{14mu} {nm}} + d_{c}} < {{\frac{k}{\sqrt{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}} \cdot \arctan}\sqrt{\frac{n_{s}^{2} - 1}{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}}}}} &  {{iic}.} )\end{matrix}$

wherein n_(c) is the mean refractive index of the coating layers,weighted by thickness;wherein d_(c) is the total thickness of the coating;wherein thicknesses are determined in a direction perpendicular to thefront face;wherein k=λ_(g)/4π.

In some embodiments, sub-criterion ic.) is satisfied for at least onewavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm. In someembodiments, sub-criterion iic.) is satisfied for at least onewavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm.

In some embodiments, at each of the wavelengths λ_(g)=450 nm, 550 nm and650 nm, the criterion is satisfied. In some embodiments, sub-criterioni.) is satisfied at each of the wavelengths λ_(g)=450 nm, 550 nm and 650nm. In some embodiments, sub-criterion ii.) is satisfied at each of thewavelengths λ_(g)=450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm.

In some embodiments, at each of the wavelengths λ_(g)=450 nm, 550 nm and650 nm, the criterion is satisfied. In some embodiments, sub-criterionib.) is satisfied at each of the wavelengths λ_(g)=450 nm, 550 nm and650 nm. In some embodiments, sub-criterion iib.) is satisfied at each ofthe wavelengths λ_(g)=450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm.

In some embodiments, at each of the wavelengths λ_(g)=450 nm, 550 nm and650 nm, the criterion is satisfied. In some embodiments, sub-criterionic.) is satisfied at each of the wavelengths λ_(g)=450 nm, 550 nm and650 nm. In some embodiments, sub-criterion iic.) is satisfied at each ofthe wavelengths λ_(g)=450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm.

In some embodiments, at every wavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nmto 700 nm, the criterion is satisfied. In some embodiments,sub-criterion i.) is satisfied at every wavelength λ_(g) in the rangefrom 390 nm to 700 nm. In some embodiments, sub-criterion ii.) issatisfied at every wavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm.

In some embodiments, at every wavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nmto 700 nm, the criterion is satisfied. In some embodiments,sub-criterion ib.) is satisfied at every wavelength λ_(g) in the rangefrom 390 nm to 700 nm. In some embodiments, sub-criterion iib.) issatisfied at every wavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm.

In some embodiments, at every wavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nmto 700 nm, the criterion is satisfied. In some embodiments,sub-criterion ic.) is satisfied at every wavelength λ_(g) in the rangefrom 390 nm to 700 nm. In some embodiments, sub-criterion iic.) issatisfied at every wavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm.

In some embodiments, the coating has 2 to 10 coating layers, such as 3to 9 or 4 to 8. In some embodiments, the optical layered compositecomprises or has 2 to 10 coating layers each having a thickness of above5 nm, such as 3 to 9 coating layers each having a thickness of above 5nm or 4 to 8 coating layers each having a thickness of above 5 nm. Inaddition to coating layers each having a thickness of above 5 nm, thelayered composition may further comprise one or more coating having athickness of 5 nm or less.

In some embodiments, the coating has 2 or more coating layers, such as 3or more or 4 or more. In some embodiments, the optical layered compositecomprises or has 2 or more coating layers each having a thickness ofabove 5 nm, such as 3 or more coating layers each having a thickness ofabove 5 nm or 4 or more coating layers each having a thickness of above5 nm. In addition to coating layers each having a thickness of above 5nm, the layered composition may further comprise one or more coatinghaving a thickness of 5 nm or less.

In some embodiments, the coating has up to 10 coating layers, such as upto 9 or up to 8. In some embodiments, the optical layered compositecomprises or has up to 10 coating layers each having a thickness ofabove 5 nm, such as up to 9 coating layers each having a thickness ofabove 5 nm or up to 8 coating layers each having a thickness of above 5nm. In addition to coating layers each having a thickness of above 5 nm,the layered composition may further comprise one or more coating havinga thickness of 5 nm or less.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer with athickness in the range from 1 to 600 nm, such as in the range from 5 to400 nm, in the range from 8 to 300 nm, or in the range from 10 to 200nm.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer with athickness of up to 600 nm, such as up to 400 nm, up to 300 nm, or up to200 nm.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer with athickness of at least 1 nm, such as at least 5 nm, at least 8 nm, or atleast 10 nm.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a group A of one or morecoating layers having a refractive index of at least 1.7 and a group Bof one or more coating layers having a refractive index below 1.7.

In some embodiments, the coating is made up of alternating coatingregions of a type A and a type B. A coating region of type A has athickness of from 10 to 300 nm and is made up of one or more coatinglayers, each of which satisfies one or both of the criteria i.) & ii.):

-   -   i.) a thickness of 5 nm or less,    -   ii.) the coating layer is of group A.

A coating region of type B has a thickness of from 10 to 300 nm and ismade up of one or more coating layers, each of which satisfies one orboth of the criteria iii.) & iv.):

-   -   iii.) a thickness of 5 nm or less,    -   iv.) the coating layer is of group B.

In some embodiments, the coating region furthest from the substrate isof type B. In some embodiments, the layer furthest from the substratemay be a coating layer of group A having a thickness of 5 nm or less.

In some embodiments, the coating has an even total number of coatingregions and the coating region closest coating layer closest to thesubstrate is of type A.

In some embodiments, the coating has an odd number of coating regionsand the coating region closest to the substrate is of type B.

In some embodiments, the coating layer having a thickness of above 5 nmfurthest from the substrate is of the group B.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index of 1.6 ormore, such as 1.65 or more or 1.7 or more. In some embodiments, thesubstrate has a refractive index in the range from 1.6 to 2.4, such asin the range from 1.65 to 2.35 or in the range from 1.7 to 2.3. In someembodiments, the substrate has a refractive index of at most 2.4, suchas at most 2.35 or at most 2.3.

In some embodiments, one or more of the following is satisfied:

-   -   i.) the thickness d_(s) is in the range from 10 to 1500 μm, such        as in the range from 10 to 1000 μm, in the range from 10 to 500        μm, in the range from 20 to 450 μm, or in the range from 30 to        400 μm; or        -   the thickness d_(s) is at least 10 μm, such as at least 20            μm or at least 30 μm; or        -   the thickness d_(s) is up to 1500 μm, such as up to 1000 μm,            up to 500 μm, up to 450 μm, or up to 400 μm; or    -   ii.) a radius of curvature greater than 600 mm, such as greater        than 800 mm or greater than 1100 mm;    -   iii.) an in-plane optical loss measured perpendicular to the        front face of at most 20%, such as at most 15% or at most 10%;    -   iv.) a surface roughness of the substrate of less than 5 nm,        such as less than 3 nm or less than 2 nm;    -   v.) a surface roughness of the coating of less than 5 nm, such        as less than 3 nm or less than 2 nm;    -   vi.) a total thickness variation of less than 5 μm, such as less        than 4 μm, less than 3 μm, or less than 2 μm;    -   vii.) a maximum local thickness variation over 75% of the front        face of less than 5 μm, such as less than 4 μm, less than 3 μm,        or less than 2 μm;    -   viii.) a warp of less than 350 μm, such as less than 300 μm or        less than 250 μm;    -   ix.) a bow of less than 300 μm, such as less than 250 μm or less        than 200 μm.

In some embodiments, at least the following combinations of theimmediately previous features are fulfilled:ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+v.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iv.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vi.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vi.), ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iv.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iv.), ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+v.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+v.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+v.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+v.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+v.), ix.)+viii.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+iv.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+iv.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+iv.),ix.)+viii.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+ii.), ix.)+vii.)+vi.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+vi.), ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.), ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.), ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.),ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.), ix.)+vii.)+v.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+v.)+ii.), ix.)+vii.)+v.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+v.),ix.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.),ix.)+vii.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+iv.)+ii.), ix.)+vii.)+iv.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+iv.), ix.)+vii.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+vii.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.)+iii.), ix.)+vii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+vii.)+ii.), ix.)+vii.)+i.), ix.)+vii.),ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.),ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+v.)+.)+iv.)+ii.),ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.),ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.), ix.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.), ix.)+vi.)+v.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+v.),ix.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.), ix.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.), ix.)+vi.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+iv.),ix.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+vi.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+vi.)+iii.), ix.)+vi.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+vi.)+ii.), ix.)+vi.)+i.),ix.)+vi.), ix.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.), ix.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.), ix.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+v.)+iv.),ix.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+v.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+v.)+iii.), ix.)+v.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+v.)+ii.), ix.)+v.)+i.),ix.)+v.), ix.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+i.)+i.), ix.)+ii.), ix.)+i.),ix.), v+iii.)+vi.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.), ix.)+i.)+ii.)+i.),viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.),viii.)+vii.)+vii.), 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vii.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),vii.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.), vii.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), vii.)+v.)+iv.),vii.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), vii.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.), vii.)+v.)+iii.)+i.),vii.)+v.)+iii.), vii.)+v.)+ii.)+i.), vii.)+v.)+ii.), vii.)+v.)+i.),vii.)+v.), vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), vii.)+iv.)+iii.), vii.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),vii.)+iv.)+ii.), vii.)+iv.)+i.), vii.)+iv.), vii.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),vii.)+iii.)+ii.), vii.)+iii.)+i.), vii.)+iii.), vii.)+ii.)+i.),vii.)+ii.), vii.)+i.), vii.), vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.), vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), vi.)+v.)+i.),vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.), vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.),vi.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), vi.)+v.)+iv.), vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.), vi.)+v.)+iii.)+i.), vi.)+v.)+iii.),vi.)+v.)+ii.)+i.), vi.)+v.)+ii.), vi.)+v.)+i.), vi.)+v.),vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.), vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),vi.)+iv.)+iii.), vi.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), vi.)+iv.)+ii.), vi.)+iv.)+i),vi.)+iv.)+i.), vi.)+iv.), vi.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), vi.)+iii.)+ii.),vi.)+iii.)+i.), vi.)+iii.), vi.)+ii.)+i.), vi.)+ii.), vi.)+i.), vi.),v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.), v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),v.)+iv.)+iii.), v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), v.)+iv.)+ii.), v.)+iv.)+i.),v.)+iv.), v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), v.)+iii.)+ii.), v.)+iii.)+i.), v.)+iii.),v.)+ii.)+i.), v.)+ii.), v.)+i.), v.), iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),iv.)+iii.)+ii.), iv.)+iii.)+i.), iv.)+iii.), iv.)+ii.)+i.), iv.)+ii.),iv.)+i.), iv.), iii.)+ii.)+i.), iii.)+ii.), iii.)+i.), iii.), ii.)+i.),ii.), i.).

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer having arefractive index in the range from 1.70 to 2.60, such as in the rangefrom 1.80 to 2.60, from 1.90 to 2.50, ory from 1.95 to 2.45.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer having arefractive index of at least 1.70, such as at least 1.80, at least 1.90,or at least 1.95.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer having arefractive index of up to 2.60, such as up to 2.50, or up to 2.45.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer having arefractive index in the range from 1.37 to 1.60, such as from 1.37 to1.55 or from 1.38 to 1.50.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer having arefractive index of at least 1.37, such as at least 1.38.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer having arefractive index of up to 1.60, such as up to 1.55 or up to 1.50.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer made of aninorganic material.

In some embodiments, the inorganic material comprises a first elementhaving an electronegativity below 2, above 1.2, and a further elementhaving an electronegativity above 2.

Electronegativity may be according to the Pauling method.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer made of amaterial selected from the group consisting of: SiO₂, MgF₂ and a mixedoxide comprising SiO₂ and a further oxide. An exemplary mixed oxide inthis context comprises SiO₂ and Al₂O₃. An exemplary mixed oxide in thiscontext comprises SiO₂ in the range from 50 to 98 wt. %, such as from 60to 95 wt. % or from 70 to 93 wt. %. An exemplary mixed oxide in thiscontext comprises SiO₂ up to 98 wt. %, such as up to 95 wt. % or up to93 wt. %. An exemplary mixed oxide in this context comprises at least 50wt. % SiO₂, such as at least 60 wt. % or at least 70 wt. %. An exemplarymixed oxide in this context is comprises SiO₂ in the range from 50 to 98wt. %, such as from 60 to 95 wt. % or from 70 to 93 wt. % and Al₂O₃ inthe range from 2 to 50 wt. %, such as from 5 to 40 wt. % or from 7 to 30wt. %.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises a coating layer made of amaterial selected from the group consisting of: Si₃N₄, ZrO₂, Ta₂O₅,HfO₂, Nb₂O₅, TiO₂, SnO₂, indium tin oxide, ZnO₂, AlN, a mixed oxidecomprising at least one thereof, a mixed nitride comprising at least onethereof and a mixed oxynitride comprising at least one thereof; such asmade of a material selected from the group consisting of ZrO₂, Ta₂O₅,HfO₂, Nb₂O₅, TiO₂. and a mixed oxide comprising at least one thereof. Insome embodiments, the coating layer is made of ZrO₂, or HfO₂. In someembodiments, the coating layer is made of ZrO₂, TiO₂ or Nb₂O₅. Exemplarymixed oxides are TiO₂/SiO₂; Nb₂O₅/SiO₂ and ZrO₂/Y₂O₃. An exemplary mixednitride is AlSiN. An exemplary mixed oxynitride is AlSiON.

In some embodiments, the substrate is selected from glass, polymer,optoceramics or crystals.

In some embodiments, the substrate is selected form the group consistingof: a niobium phosphate glass, a lanthanum borate glass, a bismuth oxideglass, a silicate based glass.

In some embodiments, the optical layered composite comprises a devicefor coupling light into or decoupling light out of the optical layeredcomposite.

In some embodiments, the device for coupling light in has a couplingsurface area in the range from 1 mm² to 100 mm², such as in the rangefrom 5 to 80 mm² or in the range from 10 to 60 mm².

In some embodiments, the device for coupling light in has a couplingsurface area of at least 1 mm², such as at least 5 mm² or at least 10mm².

In some embodiments, the device for coupling light in has a couplingsurface area of up to 100 mm², such as up to 80 mm² or up to 60 mm².

In some embodiments, the device for coupling in is arranged and adjustedto couple light into the optical layered composite to propagatetransverse to a normal vector to the front face.

In some embodiments, the coupling device is arranged and adjusted todeviate light by an angle of at least 30°, or at least 90°, or at least135°. This angle may be up to 180°.

In some embodiments, the optical layered composite comprises a devicefor coupling light in and a device for decoupling light out, wherein theangle between the direction of travel of the light coupled in and thelight coupled out is at least 30°, or at least 90°, or at least 135°.This angle may be up to 180°.

In some embodiments, the optical layered composite comprises a devicefor coupling light in over a first surface area and a device fordecoupling light out over a further surface area, wherein the firstsurface area is less than the further surface area. The further surfacearea may be at least 2 times the first surface area, such as at least 5times or at least 10 times.

In some embodiments, the optical layered composite is a wafer.

In some embodiments, at least one of the following criteria issatisfied:

-   -   i.) the front face has a surface area in the range from 0.010 to        0.500 m², such as in the range 0.013 to 0.200 m² or in the range        from 0.017 to 0.100 m²; or        -   the front face has a surface area of at least 0.010 m², such            as at least 0.013 m² or at least 0.017 m²; or        -   the front face has a surface area of up to 0.500 m², such as            up to 0.200 m² or up to 0.100 m²;    -   ii.) the thickness d_(s) is in the range from 10 to 1500 μm,        such as in the range from 10 to 1000 μm, in the range from 10 to        500 μm, in the range from 20 to 450 μm, or in the range from 30        to 400 μm;    -   iii.) the thickness d_(s) is in the range from 10 to 1500 μm,        such as in the range from 10 to 1000 μm, in the range from 10 to        500 μm, in the range from 20 to 450 μm, or in the range from 30        to 400 μm; or        -   the thickness d_(s) is at least 10 μm, such as at least 20            μm or at least 30 μm;        -   the thickness d_(s) is up to 1500 μm, such as up to 1000 μm,            up to 500 μm, up to 450 μm, or up to 400 μm;    -   iv.) a radius of curvature greater than 600 mm, such as greater        than 800 mm or greater than 1100 mm;    -   v.) an in-plane optical loss measured perpendicular to the front        face of at most 20%, such as at most 15% or at most 10%;    -   vi.) a surface roughness of the substrate of less than 5 nm,        such as less than 3 nm or less than 2 nm;    -   vii.) a surface roughness of the coating of less than 5 nm, such        as less than 3 nm or less than 2 nm;    -   viii.) a total thickness variation of less than 5 μm, such as        less than 4 μm, less than 3 μm, or less than 2 μm;    -   ix.) a maximum local thickness variation over 75% of the front        face of less than 5 μm, such as less than 4 μm, less than 3 μm,        or less than 2 μm;    -   x.) a warp of less than 350 μm, such as less than 300 μm or less        than 250 μm;    -   xi.) a bow of less than 300 μm, such as less than 250 μm or less        than 200 μm; or    -   xii.) a circular shape.

In some embodiments, at least the following combinations of theimmediately previous features are fulfilled:ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+v.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iv.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+vi.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iv.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+iii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+ii.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+ii.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.)+i.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+v.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+iii.), ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),ix.)+viii.)+vii.)+iv.)+ii.), 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xi.)+x.)+vii.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iv.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+iii.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+ii.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+v.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iv.)+iii.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iv.)+ii.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iv.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iv.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iii.)+ii.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+iii.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+ii.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+vi.)+ii.), xi.)+x.)+vi.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+vi.),xi.)+x.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),xi.)+x.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+v.)+iv.)+iii.),xi.)+x.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+v.)+iv.)+ii.),xi.)+x.)+v.)+iv.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+v.)+iv.), xi.)+x.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+v.)+iii.)+ii.), xi.)+x.)+v.)+iii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+v.)+iii.),xi.)+x.)+v.)+ii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+v.)+ii.), xi.)+x.)+v.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+v.), xi.)+x.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+iv.)+iii.)+ii.),xi.)+x.)+iv.)+iii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+iv.)+iii.), xi.)+x.)+iv.)+ii.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+iv.)+ii.), xi.)+x.)+iv.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+iv.),xi.)+x.)+iii.)+ii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+iii.)+ii.), xi.)+x.)+iii.)+i.),xi.)+x.)+iii.), xi.)+x.)+ii.)+i.), xi.)+x.)+ii.), xi.)+x.)+i.),xi.)+x.), xi.).

In some embodiments, a further coating is applied to the back face.

In some exemplary embodiments provided according to the presentinvention, a device comprises one or more previously described layeredcomposites provided according to the present invention. Exemplarydevices are augmented reality devices. Exemplary devices are visors,glasses or head-up displays.

In some embodiments, the device comprises a grouping of x layeredcomposites I, x being an integer at least 2. The x layered compositesare arranged in a stack, their front faces being parallel and orientedin the same direction and a spacer region made of a material having arefractive index below 1.3 is present between each pairing of front facewith adjacent back face. In some embodiments, the spacer region is madeof a gas, such as air. In some embodiments, x may be in the range from 2to 20, such as in the range from 2 to 15 or in the range from 2 to 10.In some embodiments, x may be at least 2. In some embodiments, x is upto 20, such as up to 15 or up to 10. An exemplary value of x is 3.

In some embodiments, the device comprises a light source arranged andadapted to introduce light into the optical layered composite.

In some exemplary embodiments provided according to the presentinvention, a process for preparing an optical layered compositecomprises the following process steps:

-   -   providing a substrate having a front face and a back face; and    -   applying one or more coating layers to the front face by        physical vapor deposition, such as by oxidative physical vapor        deposition.

In some exemplary embodiments provided according to the presentinvention, a process for making an augmented reality device comprisesthe following steps:

-   -   providing a previously described wafer provided according to the        present invention;    -   reducing the surface area of the front face to obtain a portion;        and    -   providing the portion as a viewing screen in the augmented        reality device.

In some exemplary embodiments provided according to the presentinvention, an optical layered composite is used in an augmented realitydevice. Exemplary devices are visors, glasses or head-up displays.

Refractive Indices

In the case of a body of homogeneous refractive index, the refractiveindex of the body may be the refractive index of the material from whichit is made.

In the case of a body of heterogeneous refractive index, the effectiverefractive index of the body may be the refractive index required of abody of the same thickness having homogeneous refractive index to bringabout the same level of refraction for light passing through it in thedirection of the normal to the front face. Where there is heterogeneityacross the transverse extension, the effective refractive index is anarithmetic mean over the transverse extension.

Thickness

The thickness of the substrate, of substrate layers, of the coating andof coating layers may be measured in a direction perpendicular to thefront face. The thickness of the substrate, of substrate layers, of thecoating and of coating layers may be measured in a direction normal tothe front face.

In the case of a body having a thickness varying across its transverseextension, the thickness may be the arithmetic mean of the thicknessover the transverse extension.

Optical Layered Composite

Exemplary optical layered composites are adapted and adjusted topropagate light, such as an image. An exemplary optical layeredcomposite is suitable for propagating light perpendicular to its frontface, such as an image, which may be a real world image. An exemplaryoptical layered composite is suitable for propagating light transverseto its front face, such as an image, which may be an overlaid image.

In some embodiments, a real world image and an overlaid image mayoverlap at least partially. This overlapping may be observed at anobservation surface displaced from the back face of the optical layeredcomposite, for example at an eye.

An overlaid image may be a generated image. An overlaid image may begenerated by the device provided according to the present invention. Theoverlaid image may be generated by a controlled light source.

The optical layered composite comprises a substrate and a coating. Thethickness of the substrate may be at least 20 times the thickness of thecoating, such as at least 50 times or at least 100 times. The thicknessof the substrate may be up to 15,000 times the thickness of the coating,such as up to 5,000 times the thickness of the coating or up to 2,000times the thickness of the coating. The ratio of the thickness of thecoating to the thickness of the substrate may be in the range from 1:20to 1:15,000, such as in the range from 1:50 to 1:5,000 or in the rangefrom 1:100 to 1:2,000.

Exemplary optical layered composites are laminar. Exemplary opticallayered composites have a smallest Cartesian dimension which less thanhalf the width of the next smallest Cartesian dimension. The ratio ofthe smallest Cartesian dimension to the next smallest Cartesiandimension may be in the range from 1:1000 to 1:2, such as in the rangefrom 1:1000 to 1:10 or in the range from 1:1000 to 1:100. The nextsmallest Cartesian dimension may be at least 2 times the smallestCartesian dimension, such as at least 10 times or at least 100 times.The next smallest Cartesian dimension may be up to 1000 times thesmallest Cartesian dimension. The next smallest Cartesian dimensionmight be as large as 10000 times the smallest Cartesian dimension.

In some embodiments, an exemplary optical layered composite has anaspect ratio in the range from 2 to 1000, such as in the range from 10to 1000 or in the range from 100 to 1000. In some embodiments, anexemplary optical layered composite has an aspect ratio of up to 1000.In some embodiments, an exemplary optical layered composite has anaspect ratio of at least 2, such as at least 10 or at least 100. Theaspect ratio might be as high as 10000.

Exemplary laminar optical layered composites are suitable for transversepropagation of light, such as of an overlaid image. Exemplary laminaroptical layered composites are suitable for transverse propagation oflight.

An exemplary thickness of the optical layered composite is in the rangefrom 10 to 1500 μm, such as in the range from 10 to 1000 μm, in therange from 10 to 500 μm, in the range from 20 to 450 μm, or in the rangefrom 30 to 400 μm.

An exemplary thickness of the optical layered composite is up to 1500μm, such as up to 1000 μm, up to 500 μm, up to 450 μm, or up to 400 μm.

An exemplary thickness of the optical layered composite is at least 10μm, such as at least 20 μm or at least 30 μm.

The optical layered composite may be suitable for use in a device, suchas an augmented reality device. A device can comprise one or moreoptical layered composites.

Orientations

The substrate has a front face and a back face. The front face and theback face may be parallel, having a normal varying by less than 15°,such as by less than 10° or by less than 5°. The normal of the back faceis measured at the point on the back face through which the normal tothe front face passes.

The front face of the substrate defines a principal direction. Theprincipal direction may be the normal to the front face at the geometriccenter of the front face. The principal is variously referred to hereinas “normal to the front face” and “perpendicular to the front face”. Asused herein, the term “longitudinal” refers to a direction eitherparallel or anti-parallel to the principal direction. A directionparallel to the normal or longitudinal may be less than 45°, such asless than 30°, less than 10°, or less than 5° from the normal. In thecase of a laminar or planar substrate, longitudinal propagationcorresponds to travel across the smallest Cartesian dimension.

The front face defines a plane. The plane may be perpendicular to thenormal to the front face. The terms “transverse”, “lateral” or “inplane” as used herein refer to a direction perpendicular to the normalto the front face, parallel to the plane. A direction perpendicular tothe normal, transverse, lateral or in plane may be more than 45°, suchas more than 60°, less than 80°, or less than 85° from the normal. Inthe case of a laminar or planar substrate, transverse, lateral or inplane propagation corresponds to travel within the laminar or planarextension.

In the context of a device, such as an augmented reality device, theoptical layered composite may be be oriented with the back face towardsthe user and the front face towards the real world.

In some embodiments, a coating is applied not only to the front face,but also to the back face. In that case, the principal directionrelevant to coating on the back face is the defined analogously in termsof the back face.

Substrate

Exemplary substrates are suitable for propagation of an image, such asmore than one image simultaneously. An exemplary substrate is suitablefor propagation of a real world image.

An exemplary substrate is suitable for propagation of an overlaid image.

Exemplary substrates are laminar. Exemplary substrates have a smallestCartesian dimension which is less than half the width of the nextsmallest Cartesian dimension. The ratio of the smallest Cartesiandimension to the next smallest Cartesian dimension may be in the rangefrom 1:1000 to 1:2, such as in the range from 1:1000 to 1:10 or in therange from 1:1000 to 1:100. The next smallest Cartesian dimension may beat least 2 times the smallest Cartesian dimension, such as at least 10times or at least 100 times. The next smallest Cartesian dimension maybe up to 1000 times the smallest Cartesian dimension. The next smallestCartesian dimension might be as large as 10000 times the smallestCartesian dimension.

In some embodiments, an exemplary substrate has an aspect ratio in therange from 2 to 1000, such as in the range from 10 to 1000 or in therange from 100 to 1000. In some embodiments, an exemplary substrate hasan aspect ratio of up to 1000. In some embodiments, an exemplarysubstrate has an aspect ratio of at least 2, such as at least 10 or atleast 100. The aspect ratio might be as high as 10000.

Exemplary laminar substrates are suitable for transverse propagation oflight, such as of an overlaid image. Exemplary laminar substrates aresuitable for transverse propagation of light.

An exemplary thickness of the substrate is in the range from 10 to 1500μm, such as in the range from 10 to 1000 μm, in the range from 10 to 500μm, in the range from 20 to 450 μm, or in the range from 30 to 400 μm.

An exemplary thickness of the substrate is up to 1500 μm, such as up to1000 μm, up to 500 μm, up to 450 μm, or up to 400 μm.

An exemplary thickness of the substrate is at least 10 μm, such as atleast 20 μm or at least 30 μm.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index of at least1.60, such as at least 1.65 or at least 1.70. In some embodiments, thesubstrate has a refractive index measured at 550 nm of at least 1.60,such as at least 1.65 or at least 1.70. In some embodiments, thesubstrate has a refractive index measured at 589 nm of at least 1.60,such as at least 1.65 or at least 1.70.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 1.60 to 2.40, such as in the range from 1.65 to 2.35 or in therange from 1.70 to 2.30. In some embodiments, the substrate has arefractive index measured at 550 nm in the range from 1.60 to 2.40, suchas in the range from 1.65 to 2.35 or in the range from 1.70 to 2.30. Insome embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at 589nm in the range from 1.60 to 2.40, such as in the range from 1.65 to2.35 or in the range from 1.70 to 2.30.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index of up to 2.40,such as up to 2.35 or up to 2.30. In some embodiments, the substrate hasa refractive index measured at 550 nm of up to 2.40, such as up to 2.35or up to 2.30. In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive indexmeasured at 589 nm of up to 2.40, such as up to 2.35 or up to 2.30.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 1.65 to 1.75.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 1.70 to 1.80.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 1.75 to 1.85.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 1.80 to 1.90.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 1.85 to 1.95.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 1.90 to 2.00.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 1.95 to 2.05.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 2.00 to 2.10.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 2.05 to 2.15.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 2.10 to 2.20.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index in the rangefrom 2.15 to 2.25.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 1.65 to 1.75.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 1.70 to 1.80.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 1.75 to 1.85.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 1.80 to 1.90.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 1.85 to 1.95.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 1.90 to 2.00.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 1.95 to 2.05.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 2.00 to 2.10.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 2.05 to 2.15.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 2.10 to 2.20.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at550 nm in the range from 2.15 to 2.25.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 1.65 to 1.75.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 1.70 to 1.80.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 1.75 to 1.85.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 1.80 to 1.90.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 1.85 to 1.95.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 1.90 to 2.00.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 1.95 to 2.05.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 2.00 to 2.10.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 2.05 to 2.15.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 2.10 to 2.20.

In some embodiments, the substrate has a refractive index measured at589 nm in the range from 2.15 to 2.25.

An exemplary substrate may consist of a single substrate layer or mayconsist of two or more substrate layers.

In the case of a single substrate layer, the substrate may have ahomogeneous chemical composition or a heterogeneous chemicalcomposition. In the case of a single substrate layer, the substrate mayhave a homogeneous refractive index or a heterogeneous refractive index.In the case of a heterogeneous refractive index, the exemplary rangesdisclosed previously may hold for the effective refractive index.

In the case of more than one substrate layer, each substrate layer mayhave a homogeneous chemical composition or a heterogeneous chemicalcomposition. In the case of more than one substrate layer, the exemplaryranges disclosed previously may hold for the mean refractive index ofthe substrate as a whole. In the case of more than one substrate layer,each substrate layer may have a homogeneous refractive index or aheterogeneous refractive index. In the case of a heterogeneousrefractive index, the exemplary ranges disclosed previously may hold forthe mean refractive index of each layer.

The chemical composition of exemplary materials for the substrate may beselected to fulfil one or more of the previously described physicalrequirements.

Exemplary materials for the substrate are glass or polymer.

Exemplary glasses as categorized by the Abbe diagram are glasses havinga refractive index of 1.6 or more such as dense flint glasses, lanthanumflint glasses, dense lanthanum flint glasses, barium flint glasses,dense barium flint glasses, dense crown glasses, lanthanum crownglasses, extra dense crown glasses.

In some embodiments, an exemplary glass for the substrate is a niobiumphosphate glass.

In some embodiments, an exemplary glass for the substrate is a lanthanumborate glass.

In some embodiments, an exemplary glass for the substrate is a bismuthoxide glass.

In some embodiments, an exemplary glass for the substrate is a silicatebased glass.

An exemplary glass group comprises one or more selected from the groupconsisting of: niobium phosphate glasses, lanthanum borate glasses,bismuth oxide glasses, silicate glasses whereas silicate glasses maycontain one or more of TiO₂, La₂O₃, Bi₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, Nb₂O₅, Y₂O₃, Yb₂O₃,Ta₂O₅, WO₃, GeO₂, Ga₂O₃, ZrO₂, BaO, SrO, ZnO, CS₂O and PbO.

An exemplary silicate based glass comprises at least 30 wt. % SiO₂, suchas at least 40 wt. % SiO₂ or at least 50 wt. % SiO₂. An exemplarysilicate glass comprises at most 80 wt. % SiO₂, such as at most 70 wt. %or at most 60 wt. %. An exemplary silicate based glass comprises SiO₂ ina range from 30 to 80 wt. %, such as in a range from 40 to 70 wt. % orin a range from 50 to 60 wt. %. An exemplary silicate based glasscomprises one or more selected from the group consisting of: TiO₂,La₂O₃, Bi₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, Nb₂O₅, Y₂O₃, Yb₂O₃, Ta₂O₅, WO₃, GeO₂, Ga₂O₃, ZrO₂,BaO, SrO, ZnO, Cs₂O and PbO, which may be in a total amount of at least20 wt. %, such as at least 30 wt. %, at least 40 wt. %, or at least 50wt. %. An exemplary silicate based glass might comprise one or moreselected from the group consisting of: TiO₂, La₂O₃, Bi₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, Nb₂O₅,Y₂O₃, Yb₂O₃, Ta₂O₅, WO₃, GeO₂, Ga₂O₃, ZrO₂, BaO, SrO, ZnO, Cs₂O and PbOin a total amount of as much as 70 wt. %.

In some embodiments, an exemplary glass is commercially available fromSCHOTT under one of the following names: N-SF66, P-SF67, P-SF68,N-BASF64, N-SF1, N-SF6, N-SF8, N-SF15 and N-SF57, from Sumita under thename K-PSFn214, from OHARA under the name L-BBH1, and HOYA TaFD55.

An exemplary polymer in this context is a plastic.

Exemplary polymers in this context are polycarbonates (PC) such asLexan® or Merlon®, polystyrenes (PS) such as Styron® or Lustrex®,acrylic polymers (PMMA) such as Lucite®, Plexiglass® or Polycast®,polyetherimides (PEI) such as Ultem® or Extem®, polyurethanes (PU) suchas Isoplast®, cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) such as Topas®, cyclicolefin polymer (COP) such as Zeonex® or Zeonor®, polyesters, such asOKP4 and OKP4HP, polyethersulfones (PES) such as Radel®, and HTLT®. Oneexemplary polymer material is allyl diglycol carbonate (such as CR-39).One exemplary polymer material is urethane based.

Exemplary optoceramics are yttrium aluminium granate (YAG, Y₃Al₅O₁₂) andvariants thereof, luthetium aluminium granate (LuAG), optoceramics withcubic pyrochloric structure or fluorite structure as described in DE 102007 022 048 A1 or zinc sulfide.

Exemplary crystals are sapphire, anatas, rutile, diamond, zinc sulfideand spinell.

Coating

An exemplary coating is suitable for reducing reflection of lightincident on the optical layered composite. In the case of a coatingapplied to the front face, the coating is suitable for reducingreflection of light at the front face. In the case of a coating appliedto the back face, the coating is suitable for reducing reflection oflight at the back face.

An exemplary coating reduces impairment of light propagation in thesubstrate, such as reduces impairment of transverse propagation of lightin the substrate.

An exemplary coating layer is laminar or planar. The coating may extendin a plane parallel to that of the substrate.

The coating may coat at least 80% of the front face by area, such as atleast 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or all of the front face.

A coating comprises one or more coating layers. The coating may be madeas a stack of coating layers, which may be arranged as a stack ofco-planar laminas.

The thickness of the coating may be determined normal to the front face.

An exemplary coating produces a low reflectance region.

An exemplary low reflectance region is over the range from 450 to 650nm. The maximum reflectance in the range from 450 to 650 nm may be notmore than 50% of the maximum reflectance in the range from 450 to 650 nmfor the uncoated substrate, such as not more than 40% or not more than30%.

The maximum reflectance in the range from 450 to 650 nm may be less than5%, such as less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1.5%, orless than 1.1%.

An exemplary low reflectance region covers a broad wavelength range.There may be a region of width of at least 175 nm, such as at least 200nm, at least 225 nm, or at least 250 nm, in which the maximumreflectance minus the minimum reflectance is less than 1%.

An exemplary low reflectance region is flat. The maximum reflectance inthe range from 450 to 650 nm minus the minimum reflectance in the rangefrom 450 to 650 nm may be less than 1.5%, such as less than 1.0% or lessthan 0.8%.

Exemplary coatings are amorphous. Exemplary coatings are made ofamorphous materials. Exemplary coatings are non-crystalline. Exemplarycoatings do not have long-range order. Exemplary coatings do not exhibitcolumnar growths. Exemplary coatings do not exhibit porous growths.Exemplary coatings do not exhibit textured growths. An exemplary coatinghas not more than 25 vol. %, such as not more than 10 vol. % or not morethan 5 vol. % crystalline content. In some embodiments, the coating doesnot contain crystalline material. In some embodiments, the coating doesnot contain any columnar growths. In some embodiments, the coating doesnot contain any porous growths. In some embodiments, the coating doesnot contain any textured growths. The presence of columnar growths andthe presence of textured growths may each be determined by inspection ofa cross-sectional cut surface using a scanning electron microscope. Thepresence of crystalline material may be determined by Ramanspectroscopy.

Coating Layers

The coating comprises one or more coating layers. Coating layers may bearranged in a stack with each coating layer parallel to the front face.

An exemplary coating layer has a chemical composition which either doesnot vary through its interior or varies smoothly and continuouslythrough its interior. An exemplary coating layer either has ahomogeneous chemical composition or a smoothly and continuously varyingchemical composition. An exemplary coating layer has a chemicalcomposition in which the maximum local wt. % of an element is less than1.2 times the minimum local wt. % of the element, such as less than 1.1or less than 1.05. This may apply for each element.

An exemplary coating layer has a refractive index which either does notvary through its interior or varies smoothly and continuously throughits interior. An exemplary coating layer either has a homogeneousrefractive index or a smoothly and continuously varying refractiveindex. An exemplary coating layer has a maximum local refractive indexwhich is less than 1.2 times the minimum local refractive index, such asless than 1.1 or less than 1.05.

An exemplary coating layer has a constant thickness across itstransverse extension.

An exemplary coating layer has a ratio of smallest thickness to largestthickness in the range from 1:1 to 1:1.1, such as in the range from 1:1to 1:1.05 or in the range from 1:1 to 1:1.01.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises one or more coating layers ofgroup A. Coating layers of group A have a refractive index of at least1.7. An exemplary coating layer of group A has a refractive index in therange from 1.70 to 2.60, such as in the range from 1.80 to 2.60, from1.90 to 2.50, or from 1.95 to 2.45. An exemplary coating layer of groupA has a refractive index of at least 1.80, such as at least 1.90 or atleast 1.95. An exemplary coating layer of group A has a refractive indexup to 2.60, such as up to 2.50 or up to 2.45. An exemplary coating layerof group A is made of a material selected from the group consisting of:Si₃N₄, ZrO₂, Ta₂O₅, HfO₂, Nb₂O₅, TiO₂, SnO₂, indium tin oxide, ZnO₂,AlN, a mixed oxide comprising at least one thereof, a mixed nitridecomprising at least one thereof and a mixed oxynitride comprising atleast one thereof; which may be made of a material selected from thegroup consisting of ZrO₂, Ta₂O₅, HfO₂, Nb₂O₅, TiO₂. and a mixed oxidecomprising at least one thereof. In some embodiments, the coating layeris made of ZrO₂, or HfO₂. In some embodiments, the coating layer is madeof ZrO₂, TiO₂ or Nb₂O₅. Exemplary mixed oxides are TiO₂/SiO₂; Nb₂O₅/SiO₂and ZrO₂/Y₂O₃. An exemplary mixed nitride is AlSiN. An exemplary mixedoxynitride is AlSiON.

In some embodiments, the optical layered composite comprises two or morelayers of group A, wherein at least one pair of the group A layers areof different materials. In some embodiments, the optical layeredcomposite comprises two or more layers of group A, wherein all of thegroup A layers are of the same material.

In some embodiments, the coating comprises one or more coating layers ofgroup B. Coating layers of group B have a refractive index less than1.7. An exemplary coating layer of group B has a refractive index in therange from 1.37 to 1.60, such as from 1.37 to 1.55 or from 1.38 to 1.50.An exemplary coating layer of group B has a refractive index of at least1.37, such as at least 1.38. An exemplary coating layer of group B has arefractive index of up to 1.60, such as up to 1.55 or up to 1.50.

An exemplary coating layer of group B is made of a material selectedfrom the group consisting of: SiO₂, MgF₂ and a mixed oxide comprisingSiO₂ and a further oxide, such as SiO₂ or MgF₂. An exemplary mixed oxidein this context comprises SiO₂ and Al₂O₃. An exemplary mixed oxide inthis context comprises SiO₂ in the range from 50 to 98 wt. %, such asfrom 60 to 95 wt. % or from 70 to 93 wt. %. An exemplary mixed oxide inthis context comprises SiO₂ up to 98 wt. %, such as up to 95 wt. % or upto 93 wt. %. An exemplary mixed oxide in this context comprises at least50 wt. % SiO₂, such as at least 60 wt. % or at least 70 wt. %. Anexemplary mixed oxide in this context comprises SiO₂ in the range from50 to 98 wt. %, such as from 60 to 95 wt. % or from 70 to 93 wt. % andAl₂O₃ in the range from 2 to 50 wt. %, such as from 5 to 40 wt. % orfrom 7 to 30 wt. %.

In some embodiments, the optical layered composite comprises two or morelayers of group B, wherein at least one pair of the group B layers areof different materials. In some embodiments, the optical layeredcomposite comprises two or more layers of group B, wherein all of thegroup B layers are of the same material.

In some embodiments, the coating structure is described in terms ofregions of type A and type B, wherein regions of type A have a higherrefractive index and regions of type B have a lower refractive index.So-called needle layers having a thickness of 5 nm or less do notinfluence the nature of a region as type A or B. Regions arecharacterized based on coating layers having a thickness of above 5 nm.

So-called needle layers might have a thickness of as low as 1 nm. Aso-called needle layer could be as thin as an atomic mono-layer.

Layer Arrangements

Some exemplary layer arrangements are the following:

S-b having a substrate followed by a coating layer of group B. Thecoating layer has a thickness of more than 5 nm. Optionally, furtherlayers of thickness 5 nm or less are present.

S-B having a substrate followed by a region of group B. The region is asdefined elsewhere herein.

S-a-b having a substrate followed by a coating layer of group A,followed by a coating layer of group B. Each of the two coating layershave a thickness of more than 5 nm. Optionally, further layers ofthickness 5 nm or less are present.

S-A-B having a substrate followed by a region of group A, followed by aregion of group B. The regions are as defined elsewhere herein.

S-b-a-b having a substrate followed by a coating layer of group B,followed by a coating layer of group A, followed by a coating layer ofgroup B. Each of the three coating layers have a thickness of more than5 nm. Optionally, further layers of thickness 5 nm or less are present.

S-B-A-B having a substrate followed by a region of group B, followed bya region of group A, followed by a region of group B. The regions are asdefined elsewhere herein.

S-a-b-a-b having a substrate followed by a coating layer of group A,followed by a coating layer of group B, followed by a coating layer ofgroup A, followed by a coating layer of group B. Each of the fourcoating layers have a thickness of more than 5 nm. Optionally, furtherlayers of thickness 5 nm or less are present.

S-A-B-A-B having a substrate followed by a region of group A, followedby a region of group B, followed by a region of group A, followed by aregion of group B. The regions are as defined elsewhere herein.

S-b-a-b-a-b having a substrate followed by a coating layer of group B,followed by a coating layer of group A, followed by a coating layer ofgroup B, followed by a coating layer of group A, followed by a coatinglayer of group B. Each of the five coating layers have a thickness ofmore than 5 nm. Optionally, further layers of thickness 5 nm or less arepresent.

S-A-B-A-B having a substrate followed by a region of group B, followedby a region of group A, followed by a region of group B, followed by aregion of group A, followed by a region of group B. The regions are asdefined elsewhere herein.

S-a-b-a-b-a-b having a substrate followed by a coating layer of group A,followed by a coating layer of group B, followed by a coating layer ofgroup A, followed by a coating layer of group B, followed by a coatinglayer of group A, followed by a coating layer of group B. Each of thesix coating layers have a thickness of more than 5 nm. Optionally,further layers of thickness 5 nm or less are present.

S-A-B-A-B-A-B having a substrate followed by a region of group A,followed by a region of group B, followed by a region of group A,followed by a region of group B, followed by a region of group A,followed by a region of group B. The regions are as defined elsewhereherein.

S-b-a-b-a-b-a-b having a substrate followed by a coating layer of groupB, followed by a coating layer of group A, followed by a coating layerof group B, followed by a coating layer of group A, followed by acoating layer of group B, followed by a coating layer of group A,followed by a coating layer of group B. Each of the seven coating layershave a thickness of more than 5 nm. Optionally, further layers ofthickness 5 nm or less are present.

S-B-A-B-A-B-A-B having a substrate followed by a region of group B,followed by a region of group A, followed by a region of group B,followed by a region of group A, followed by a region of group B,followed by a region of group A, followed by a region of group B. Theregions are as defined elsewhere herein.

S-a-b-a-b-a-b-a-b having a substrate followed by a coating layer ofgroup A, followed by a coating layer of group B, followed by a coatinglayer of group A, followed by a coating layer of group B, followed by acoating layer of group A, followed by a coating layer of group B,followed by a coating layer of group A, followed by a coating layer ofgroup B. Each of the eight coating layers have a thickness of more than5 nm. Optionally, further layers of thickness 5 nm or less are present.

S-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B having a substrate followed by a region of group A,followed by a region of group B, followed by a region of group A,followed by a region of group B, followed by a region of group A,followed by a region of group B, followed by a region of group A,followed by a region of group B. The regions are as defined elsewhereherein.

Coupling and Decoupling

An exemplary coupling device is suitable for introducing light into theoptical layered composite, such as for introducing an image into theoptical layered composite, which may be an overlaid image. An exemplarydecoupling device is suitable for removing light from the opticallayered composite, such as for removing an image from the opticallayered composite, which may be an overlaid image.

In some embodiments, a coupling device is provided for introducing anoverlaid image into the optical layered composite. In some embodiments,a coupling device is provided for introducing an image into the opticallayered composite for transverse propagation.

In some embodiments, a decoupling device is provided for removing anoverlaid image from the optical layered composite, such as out of theback face. In some embodiments, a decoupling device is provided forremoving an image from the optical layered composite, wherein the imageis propagating in a transverse direction.

In some embodiments, no coupling or decoupling device is provided forthe real world image.

In some embodiments, a coupling device is provided for introducing lightinto the optical layered composite.

In some embodiments, a de-coupling device is provided for taking lightout of the optical layered composite.

Exemplary coupling device are a prism or a diffraction grating.

Coupling and decoupling device may be integrated into the opticallayered composite or provide externally to it, such as attached to it.

In some embodiments the optical layered composite comprises moredecoupling device than coupling device.

In some embodiments light coupled in by a single coupling device isdecoupled by two or more decoupling device.

In some embodiments, the optical layered composite comprises two or moredecoupling device and each decoupling device corresponds to a pixel ofan image.

A coupling device may be present at the front, side or rear of theoptical layered composite, such as at the rear or at the side.

A decoupling device may be present on the back side of the opticallayered composite.

Coupling may comprise deviation of light by an angle in the range from30 to 180°, such as in the range from 45 to 180°, in the range from 90to 180°, or in the range from 135 to 180°. Coupling may comprisedeviation of light by an angle of at least 30°, such as at least 45°, atleast 90°, or at least 135°.

Decoupling may comprise deviation of light by an angle in the range from30 to 180°, such as in the range from 45 to 135°, in the range from 60to 120°, or in the range from 70 to 110°. Decoupling may comprisedeviation of light by an angle of at least 30°, such as at least 45°, atleast 60°, or at least 70°. Decoupling may comprise deviation of lightby an angle up to 180°, such as up to 135°, up to 120°, or up to 110°.

Process

The optical layered composite can be prepared by any method known to theskilled person and which is considered suitable. Exemplary methodscomprise physical vapor deposition. Exemplary physical vapor depositionis sputtering or evaporation. An exemplary physical vapor deposition isoxidative physical vapor deposition.

The process may comprise a cleaning step, such as of the front face. Anexemplary cleaning step may comprise ultrasound. An exemplary cleaningstep may involve water; an alkaline cleaner, such as one having a pH inthe range from 7.5 to 9; or a pH neutral cleaner other than water.

Coating layers may be deposited at a rate in the range from 0.5 to 10Å/s, such as in the range from 0.75 to 8 Å/s or in the range from 1 to 5Å/s. Coating layers may be deposited at a rate of at least 0.5 Å/s, suchas at least 0.75 Å/s or at least 1 Å/s. Coating layers may be depositedat a rate of up to 10 Å/s, such as up to 8 Å/s or up to 5 Å/s.

Physical vapor deposition may be performed with a substrate temperaturein the range from 110 to 250° C., such as in the range from 120 to 230°C. or in the range from 140 to 210° C. Physical vapor deposition may beperformed with a substrate temperature of at least 110° C., such as atleast 120° C. or at least 140° C. Physical vapor deposition may beperformed with a substrate temperature up to 250° C., such as up to 230°C. or up to 210° C.

In the case of polymer substrates, lower deposition ranges may be usedsuch as from 100 to 150° C.

Physical vapor deposition may be performed under a pressure of less than1×10⁻² Pa, such as less than 5×10⁻³ Pa or less than 3×10⁻³ Pa.

Device

In some exemplary embodiments provided according to the presentinvention, a device comprises one or more optical layered compositesprovided according to the present invention.

A device may comprise 2 or more optical layered composites providedaccording to the present invention. Optical layered composites may bespaced. An exemplary spacing is in the range from 600 nm to 1 mm, suchas in the range from 5 μm to 500 μm or in the range from 50 μm to 400nm. An exemplary spacing is at least 600 nm, such as at least 5 μm or atleast 50 μm. An exemplary spacing is up to 1 mm, such as up to 500 μm orup to 400 nm. In a device comprising 2 or more optical layeredcomposites, the optical layered composites may be adapted and arrangedfor different wavelengths of light.

In some embodiments, three optical layered composites are provided forpropagating red, green and blue light respectively. In some embodiments,an optical layered composite is provided for propagating light having awavelength in the range from 564 to 580 nm. In some embodiments, anoptical layered composite is provided for propagating light having awavelength in the range from 534 to 545 nm. In some embodiments, anoptical layered composite is provided for propagating light having awavelength in the range from 420 to 440 nm.

The device may comprise a projector for projecting an image into theoptical layered composite via a coupling device.

In-Plane Optical Losses

Some aspects of the present invention relates to a method fordetermining in-plane optical loss through target. The method maycomprise passing light through the target and measuring intensity ofscattered light, such as at a position perpendicularly displaced fromthe path of the light through the target. The method may comprisefitting an exponential decay to the intensity of scattered light withrespect to path length through the target. A light trap may be locatedat the end of the path length through the target.

In some exemplary embodiments provided according to the presentinvention, a process for selecting an optical layered compositecomprises the following steps:

-   -   providing two or more optical layered composites;    -   determining the in-plane optical loss of the optical layered        composites according to the method described herein; and    -   selecting one or more of the optical layered composites.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplaryembodiment of an optical layered composite provided according to thepresent invention having a substrate and 4 coating layers. The opticallayered composite 100 comprises a substrate 101 having a front face anda back face. The direction 107 emanates from the front face and thedirection 106 emanates from the back face. On the front face is applieda coating consisting of a first coating layer 102, a second coatinglayer 103, a third coating layer 104 and a fourth coating layer 105.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a substrate employed inthe present invention. The substrate 101 has a front face 604, a backface 605. The direction 107 emanates from the front face 604 and isperpendicular to it. The direction 106 emanates from the back face 605and is perpendicular to it. The substrate has a length 602 and width601, each parallel to the front face. The substrate has a thickness 603determined perpendicular to the front face 604.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention with side couplingof an overlaid image. The optical layered composite has a substrate 101having a front face and a back face. On the front face of the substrate101 is applied a coating 201. A real world image 204 enters the opticallayered composite through the front face, piercing the coating 201 andthe substrate 101, to pass out of the back face. An overlaid image 203is generated at a projector 202, positioned to the side of the opticallayered composite, and passes through the optical layered compositetransverse to the front face to then exit through the back face. Thereal world image 204 and the overlaid image 203 are both viewed by aviewer located behind the back face. In some embodiments, the coating201 may be applied to the back face rather than the front face. In someembodiments, coatings 201 are applied to both the back face and thefront face. Not shown are decoupling device on the back face, forexample diffraction gratings. Where a coating is present on the backface, the decoupling device may be located between the substrate and thecoating.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention with back sidecoupling of an overlaid image. The optical layered composite has asubstrate 101 having a front face and a back face. On the front face ofthe substrate 101 is applied a coating 201. A real world image 204enters the optical layered composite through the front face, piercingthe coating 201 and the substrate 101, to pass out of the back face. Anoverlaid image 203 is generated at a projector 202, positioned at theback of the optical layered composite, and passes through the opticallayered composite transverse to the front face to then exit through theback face. The real world image 204 and the overlaid image 203 are bothviewed by a viewer located behind the back face. In some embodiments,the coating 201 may be applied to the back face rather than the frontface. In some embodiments, coatings 201 are applied to both the backface and the front face. Not shown are decoupling device on the backface, for example diffraction gratings. Where a coating is present onthe back face, the decoupling device may be located between thesubstrate and the coating.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an AR device providedaccording to the present invention. A set of glasses/visor has a screen301 comprising the optical layered composite provided according to thepresent invention. A real world image 204 penetrates the screen 301 fromthe front side to reach the back side. An overlaid image 203 isprojected from a projector 202 located behind the screen 301. Theoverlaid image 203 propagates within the plane of the screen 301 andexits through its back face. Both the real world image 204 and theoverlaid image 203 are received behind the back face.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention having a 4 layercoating. The optical layered composite has a substrate 101 having afront face being directed upwards in the diagram and an opposite backface. To the front face is applied in order a high refractive indexlayer 401, a low refractive index layer 402, a high refractive indexlayer 401 and a low refractive index layer 402. In this case, the finallayer 402 is thicker than the other layers. From another perspective,the final layer 402 is thicker than the preceding layer 401. Each of thelayers 401 or 402 in this case is thicker than 5 nm. Optionally, furtherneedle layers having a thickness of 5 nm or less could be locatedbetween or within the layers. FIG. 6 can also depict an optical layeredcomposite comprising high refractive index regions of type A 401 and lowrefractive regions of type B 402.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention having a 6 layercoating. The optical layered composite has a substrate 101 having afront face being directed upwards in the diagram and an opposite backface. To the front face is applied in order a high refractive indexlayer 401, a low refractive index layer 402, a high refractive indexlayer 401, a low refractive index layer 402, a high refractive indexlayer 401 and a low refractive index layer 402. In this case, the finallayer 402 is thicker than the other layers. Each of the layers 401 or402 in this case is thicker than 5 nm. Optionally, further needle layershaving a thickness of 5 nm or less could be located between or withinthe layers. FIG. 7 can also depict an optical layered compositecomprising high refractive index regions of type A 401 and lowrefractive regions of type B 402.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an optical layeredcomposite provided according to the present invention having a coatingcomprising so-called needle layers. The optical layered composite has asubstrate 101 having a front face being directed upwards in the diagramand an opposite back face. To the front face is applied in order aneedle layer having low refractive index 404, a high refractive indexlayer 401, a low refractive index layer 402, a high refractive layer 401having within it a needle layer of low refractive index 405, a lowrefractive index layer 402 and finally a needle layer 403 having a highrefractive index. FIG. 8 can also depict an optical layered compositecomprising high refractive index regions of type A 401 and lowrefractive regions of type B 402.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a device comprising threeoptical layered composites provided according to the present inventionarranged in a stack. The optical layered composites 501 are orientedparallel, overlapping as a stack, with their front faces in the samedirection. The optical layered composites 501 are spaced by spacers 502to leave an air gap betwixt. A real world image 204 penetrates throughthe optical layered composites sequentially exit through the back faceof the last thereof. A separate projector 202 injects an overlaid image203 into each of the optical layered composites. In each case, theoverlaid image 203 exits the optical layered composite through the backface and combines with the real world image behind the back faces togive the augmented reality.

FIG. 10 illustrates an arrangement for determining in-plane optical lossof a target. The target 804 is of circular cross-section, having adiameter of 20 cm. Light is introduced into the target 804 from a lightguiding FIG. 801 and follows a path 802 through the target 804. On theopposite side of the target 804 is located a light trap 803. Intensityof scattered light is measured using a camera located 50 cm above thegeometric center of the target.

FIG. 11 illustrates a sample depth positive ion profile in the ToF SIMStest method. This data is for a sample having the following coating: 14nm TiO₂, 32 nm SiO₂, 124 nm TiO₂, 100 nm SiO₂.

FIG. 12 illustrates sample reflectance data with a numerical fitaccording to the reflectance test method. This data is for a samplehaving the following coating: 14 nm TiO₂, 32 nm SiO₂, 124 nm TiO₂, 100nm SiO₂.

Test Methods

Unless otherwise stated, all test methods are performed at a temperatureof 25° C. and a pressure of 101,325 Pa. Unless otherwise stated, opticalmeasurements are made using a 550 nm wavelength source.

Bow

Bow is measured according to ASTM F534

Warp

Warp is measured according to ASTM F657

In-Plane Optical Loss

The target substrate or optical layered composite is provided as acircular disk of diameter 15 cm. In the case of the optical layeredcomposite, the front face (with the coating) is oriented upwards. Alight guiding fiber having a numerical aperture of 0.15 is arranged toinject light into the target by polishing a 3 mm flat area at one sideof the target and arranging the outlet face of the fiber parallel to andin physical contact with it. An immersion oil selected from thefollowing list is deployed between the fiber and the target: CargilleLabs Series A (1.460≤n≤1.640), Cargille Labs Series B (1.642≤n≤1.700),Cargille Labs Series M (1.705≤n≤1.800), Cargille Labs Series H(1.81≤n≤2.00), Cargille Labs Series EH (2.01≤n≤2.11), Cargille LabsSeries FH (2.12≤n≤2.21), Cargille Labs Series GH (2.22≤n≤2.31). Theimmersion oil having a refractive index closest to that of the target isselected. The light from the fiber is injected towards the geometriccenter of the target and travels through the target to the oppositeside. The spreading is determined by the numerical aperture of 0.15. Alight trap is arranged at the opposite side to reduce reflection. A CCD(charge coupled device) camera is located 50 cm above the geometriccenter of the target, directed towards the target. The camera takes agrey scale picture of the target. The intensity of scattered light ismeasured at 0.8 cm intervals along the line between the point ofinjection and the opposite side. Intensity of scattered light is fittedto an exponential decay curve, normalised and the value at the oppositeside extrapolated to give the in-plane optical loss. Unless otherwisestated, in-plane optical loss is measured using a 450 nm wavelengthlight source.

The apparatus is calibrated by measuring photo current using anintegrating sphere at the target's center. The image processingalgorithm generates a circular region of the same size and position asthe sphere's input port. The grey scale signal within this region iscumulated in order to calibrate the camera's grey scale signal to theradiometric world.

Layer Thickness and Chemical Composition

Layer thickness and chemical composition of an optical layered compositeis determined using a combination of time of flight secondary ionspectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) to determine the layer arrangement andreflectometry to determine layer thicknesses. The surface is firstcleaned using isopropanol and de-ionized water. Following the cleaning,clean conditions are used to avoid contamination of the sample. TheToF-SIMS measurement is conducted on the cleaned sample. ToF-SIMS depthprofiles were performed using a TOF-SIMS IV-100 obtainable from ION-TOFGmbH equipped with 25 keV Ga+ primary ions. Positively and negativelycharged ions were analysed in 2 consecutive analysis steps. The analysisof the positively charged ions was performed on an area of 50×50 μm²with a primary ion current of 2.0 pA. The sputter treatment wasperformed in alternating mode by an O₂ sputter ion gun for positive iondetection on an area of 300×300 μm² with an energy of 1.0 keV and asputter current of 350 nA. For charge compensation, an electron floodgun was used. The analysis of the negatively charged ions was performedon an area of 50×50 μm² with a primary ion current of 1.0 pA. Thesputter treatment was performed in alternating mode by a Cs+ sputter iongun for negative ion detection on an area of 300×300 μm² with an energyof 0.5 keV and a sputter current of 40 nA. For charge compensation anelectron flood gun was used. For data processing the software SurfaceLab6.7 was used. An example plot in the case of 4 layer SiO₂/TiO₂ system isshown in FIG. 11.

Once the layer identities and ordering has been determined usingToF-SIMS, layer thicknesses are determined using surface reflectance.First, the uncoated back face surface of the sample is roughened usingsand paper to get a milky appearance on the back face to avoid specularback face reflectance. A black permanent marker of the type “Edding8750” is then used to blacken the back face. The reflectance measurementis performed using the reflectometer Lambda900 from Perkin Elmer. Thetool measures the specular reflectance versus the wavelength. A spectrumis measured over the range 400 to 700 nm. A set of thickness andrefractive index values for the individual layers is fit to the measuredreflective curve using the TFCalc optic design software.

An example plot in the case of 4 layer SiO₂/TiO₂ system is shown in FIG.12.

Refractive Index

The refractive index is measured by ellipsometry. First, the uncoatedback face surface of the sample is roughened using sand paper to get amilky appearance on the back face to avoid specular back facereflectance. A black permanent marker of the type “Edding 8750” is thenused to blacken the back face. The measurement is performed with aWoollam M-2000 under several angle of incidences: 60°, 65°, and 70°.Modelling the layers of SiO₂ was done by using the dispersion modelafter “Sellmeier”, modelling the layers of TiO₂ was done using thedispersion model after “Cody-Lorentz”. Substrate data was taken from thedatabase.

Roughness

Surface roughness is measured using an atomic force microscope, model DInanoscope D3100-S1 from Digital Instruments. An area of the sample of 2μm by 2 μm is scanned in tapping mode, scanning the area with 256 linesper picture and 256 dots per line. The scan rate is 0.7 Hz. Thecantilever has a tip with a tip radius of ≤10 nm. The sample'stopography is measured by evaluating the change of the amplitude of theoscillating cantilever when scanning the surface. The raw data isleveled by a line fit, using a 3^(rd) order polynomial fit. The rootmean squared roughness R_(rms) is calculated by the AFM's software usingthe formula

${R_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{n}{\sum_{i = 1}^{n}y_{i}^{2}}}},$

where n=256*256=65536 and y_(i) is the height value at each of the 65536measured positions.

EXAMPLES

Exemplary embodiments provided according to the present invention aredescribed further herein.

Example 1

Optical layered composites having a coating of 1 layer (Table 2), 2layers (Table 3), 3 layers (Table 4), 4 layers (Table 5), 5 layers(Table 6), 6 layers (Table 7), 7 layers (Table 8) or 8 layers (Table 9)were prepared as follows: Firstly, a 300 μm thick circular wafer ofdiameter 150 mm wafer was provided. The material is according to thetable and is available from Schott AG. A front face of the wafer wascleaned in a bath of de-ionised water at 40° C. with ultrasound at 130kHz for 200 seconds. The wafer was then dried with air at 60° C. for 500seconds. A surface almost entirely devoid of impurity particles thereonwas obtained. The wafer was mounted on the evaporation dome in thevacuum chamber of a Leybold APS 1104 and the evaporation machine wascharged with the appropriate coating materials. The pressure of theevacuation chamber was lowered to 1×10⁻³ Pa. Layers according to Table 1where deposited at a rate of 2.5 Å/s with an ion energy 60 eV.Refractive indices for the layer materials are given in Table 1. Foreach example, it was assessed whether there was a field of viewobstruction and the reflectivity was determined. Results are shown inTable 10.

TABLE 1 Material n @450 nm n @550 nm n @650 nm SiO₂ 1.463 1.460 1.450MgF₂ 1.382 1.379 1.377 N—SF1 1.744 1.723 1.711 N—SF6 1.841 1.812 1.797N—SF66 1.974 1.932 1.911 Si₃N₄ 2.079 2.050 2.037 ZrO₂ 2.197 2.160 2.149Ta₂O₅ 2.183 2.141 2.117 HfO₂ 2.140 2.117 2.104 Nb₂O₅ 2.452 2.360 2.316TiO₂ 2.518 2.410 2.370 P—SF68 2.060 2.015 1.993 MX1 2.130 2.065 2.030*Mχ1: TiO₂/SiO₂ mixed 60/40

TABLE 2 Substrate: N—SF6 SiO₂ d_(c) n_(c) n_(c) n_(c) Example d [nm][nm] (450 nm) (550 nm) (650 nm) 1A 96 96 1.463 1.460 1.450 1F 65 651.463 1.460 1.450 1G 55 55 1.463 1.460 1.450

TABLE 3a Substrate: N-SF6 Nb₂O₅ SiO₂ d_(c) n_(c) n_(c) n_(c) Example d[nm] d [nm] [nm] (450 nm) (550 nm) (650 nm) 3A 16 111 128 1.590 1.5761.562 3F 16 90 106 1.616 1.599 1.584 3G 16 80 96 1.632 1.613 1.598

TABLE 3b Substrate: N-SF6 Example MX1 d [nm] SiO₂ d [nm] d_(c) [nm]n_(c) (450 nm) n_(c) (550 nm) n_(c) (650 nm) d_(crit) (450 nm) d_(crit)(550 nm) d_(crit) (650 nm) 3bA 130 93 223 1.852 1.813 1.788 258 1027 3bF130 65 195 1.908 1.863 1.837 90 106 124 3bG 130 55 185 1.932 1.885 1.85874 85 96

TABLE 4 Substrate: N-SF6 Example SiO₂ d [nm] HfO₂ d [nm] SiO₂ d [nm]d_(c) [nm] n_(c) (450 nm) n_(c) (550 nm) n_(c) (650 nm) 5A 13 27 104 1441.588 1.581 1.571 5B 39 13 10 62 1.608 1.601 1.590 5F 12 25 80 117 1.6081.600 1.590 5G 13 27 70 110 1.627 1.619 1.608

TABLE 5a Substrate: N-SF66 TiO₂ MgF₂ TiO₂ Example d [nm] d [nm] d [nm]SiO₂ d [nm] d_(c) [nm] n_(c) (450 nm) n_(c) (550 nm) n_(c) (650 nm)d_(crit) (450 nm) d_(crit) (550 nm) d_(crit) (650 nm) 8A 33 20 34 101188 1.833 1.792 1.772 8A2 65 13 14 70 162 1.971 1.917 1.893 8B 67 14 1664 161 1.997 1.941 1.916 162 287 399 8D 74 17 12 58 161 2.019 1.9601.935 111 148 164 8E 92 12 5 65 175 2.042 1.981 1.955 87 107 115 8F 3320 34 75 162 1.892 1.845 1.824 8G 33 20 34 65 152 1.920 1.871 1.848

TABLE 5b Substrate: N-SF6 TiO₂ d SiO₂ d TiO₂ Example [nm] [nm] d [nm]SiO₂ d [nm] d_(c) [nm] n_(c) (450 nm) n_(c) (550 nm) n_(c) (650 nm)d_(crit) (450 nm) d_(crit) (550 nm) d_(crit) (650 nm) 8bA 27 27 32 103189 1.794 1.758 1.739 8bB 41 19 17 74 151 1.869 1.826 1.804 151 225 3168bE 101 8 5 82 196 2.033 1.974 1.947 44 50 53 8bF 25 25 30 80 160 1.8251.787 1.766 8bG 25 25 30 70 150 1.850 1.808 1.787 292

TABLE 6 Substrate: P-SF68 SiO₂ Ta₂O₅ SiO₂ Ta₂O₅ SiO₂ n_(c) n_(c) Exampled [nm] d [nm] d [nm] d [nm] d [nm] d_(c) [nm] (450 nm) (550 nm) n_(c)(650 nm) d_(crit) (450 nm) d_(crit) (550 nm) d_(crit) (650 nm) 11A 11135 5 5 86 242 1.880 1.854 1.836 11B 7 235 44 14 5 305 2.051 2.016 1.994970 645 11C 6 236 43 14 5 304 2.056 2.021 1.999 349 325 11D 6 237 42 155 304 2.058 2.023 2.001 299 284 11E 5 236 41 15 5 302 2.061 2.026 2.004904 251 242 11F 11 135 5 5 60 216 1.930 1.902 1.883 11G 11 135 5 5 50206 1.953 1.924 1.904

TABLE 7 Substrate: N-SF66 Ta₂O₅ MgF₂ Ta₂O₅ MgF₂ Ta₂O₅ SiO₂ d_(c) n_(c)n_(c) n_(c) d_(crit) d_(crit) d_(crit) Example d [nm] d [nm] d [nm] d[nm] d [nm] d [nm] [nm] (450 nm) (550 nm) (650 nm) (450 nm) (550 nm)(650 nm) 12A 20 5 12 5 43 97 181 1.755 1.736 1.721 12B 94 5 5 31 16 5156 1.975 1.943 1.925 710 247 224 12C 15 5 25 5 25 5 80 2.038 2.0031.983 90 85 85 12D 48 5 5 8 24 5 95 2.038 2.004 1.983 90 85 85 12E 145 55 40 13 5 213 1.997 1.965 1.945 163 137 133 12F 49 9 5 9 42 75 189 1.8211.799 1.782 12G 49 9 5 9 42 65 178 1.842 1.818 1.801

TABLE 8 Sub: N-SF6 SiO₂ ZrO₂ SiO₂ d d d ZrO₂ SiO₂ ZrO₂ SiO₂ d_(c) n_(c)n_(c) n_(c) d_(crit) d_(crit) d_(crit) Example [nm] [nm] [nm] d [nm] d[nm] d [nm] d [nm] [nm] (450 nm) (550 nm) (650 nm) (450 nm) (550 nm)(650 nm) 14A 52 8 115 30 20 71 94 390 1.668 1.656 1.645 14B 5 74 5 10 510 72 180 1.841 1.821 1.810 3 · 10⁸ 291 230 14B2 6 19 6 73 6 12 78 1991.844 1.824 1.813 493 247 206 14C 6 19 6 86 6 11 92 225 1.841 1.8211.810 291 230 14D 6 19 6 86 6 11 92 225 1.841 1.821 1.810 291 230 14E 155 5 105 5 5 69 208 1.867 1.845 1.835 158 137 127 14F 6 19 6 73 6 10 70189 1.858 1.837 1.826 203 163 148 14G 6 19 6 73 6 10 60 179 1.880 1.8581.847 125 114 108

TABLE 9 Substrate: N-SF1 n_(c) d_(crit) d_(crit) d_(crit) TiO₂ SIO₂ TiO₂SIO₂ TiO₂ SIO₂ TiO₂ SIO₂ n_(c) n_(c) (650 (450 (550 (650 Example d [nm]d [nm] d [nm] d [nm] d [nm] d [nm] d [nm] d [nm] d_(c) [nm] (450 nm)(550 nm) nm) nm) nm) nm) 17A 5 38 14 220 32 21 48 99 476 1.680 1.6561.639 17B 28 27 5 5 20 5 5 109 203 1.762 1.729 1.711 204 349 17C 28 27 55 19 5 5 109 203 1.761 1.728 1.710 208 366 17D 29 26 5 5 20 5 5 109 2031.766 1.733 1.715 178 266 472 17E 16 30 47 5 39 6 23 93 258 1.972 1.9181.894 39 44 46 17F 5 38 14 220 32 21 48 75 452 1.692 1.666 1.649 17G 538 14 220 32 21 48 65 442 1.697 1.671 1.654

TABLE 10 d_(c)-dcrit d_(c)-dcrit no FOV no FOV no FOV n_(c) < n_(s)n_(c) < n_(s) n_(c) < n_(s) d_(c)-dcrit (550 nm) (650 nm) ObstructionObstruction Obstruction Mean Mean Example (450 nm) (550 nm) (650 nm)(450 nm) [nm] [nm] [nm] (450 nm) (550 nm) (650 nm) R [%] R [%]  1A YesYes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 0.9 1.9  1F Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes YesYes 2.4 3.6  1G Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 3.6 4.6  3A Yes Yes YesNA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 0.8 3.3  3F Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 1.83.7  3G Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 3.4 5.3  3bA No No Yes 35 804NA Yes Yes Yes 0.4 0.6  3bF No No No −105 −89 −71 No No No 2.4 2.9  3bGNo No No −111 −100 −89 No No No 3.9 5.2  5A Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes YesYes 0.7 1.5  5B Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 3.7 4.0  5F Yes Yes YesNA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 2.5 3.9  5G Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 4.15.3  8A Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 0.2 0.5  8A2 Yes Yes Yes NA NANA Yes Yes Yes 1.4 3.3  8B No No No 1 126 238 Yes Yes Yes 1.5 4.0  8D NoNo No −50 −13 3 No No Yes 1.5 4.0  8E No No No −50 −13 3 No No Yes 1.54.0  8F No No No −88 −67 −59 No No No 0.7 2.6  8G Yes Yes Yes NA NA NAYes Yes Yes 2.2 3.5  8bA Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 0.2 0.5  8bBNo No No 0 74 165 Yes Yes Yes 1.8 4.0  8bE No No No −152 −146 −144 No NoNo 0.5 1.1  8bF Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 1.5 3.4  8bG No Yes Yes142 NA NA Yes Yes Yes 2.9 5.3 11A Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 0.30.6 11B Yes No No NA 665 340 Yes Yes Yes 2.0 4.0 11C Yes No No NA 45 21Yes Yes Yes 2.0 4.0 11D Yes No No NA −5 −20 Yes No No 2.1 4.0 11E No NoNo 602 −51 −60 Yes No No 2.2 4.0 11F Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes2.4 3.2 11G Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 3.9 5.4 12A Yes Yes Yes NANA NA Yes Yes Yes 0.5 1.5 12B No No No 554 91 68 Yes Yes Yes 1.9 3.3 12CNo No No 10 5 5 Yes Yes Yes 12.9 13.1 12D No No No −5 −10 −10 No No No9.1 11.4 12E No No No −50 −76 −79 No No No 1.7 2.5 12F Yes Yes Yes NA NANA Yes Yes Yes 3.1 3.6 12G Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 4.7 6.3 14AYes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 0.2 0.4 14B No No No 3E+08 111 50 YesYes Yes 0.9 2.4 14B2 No No No 294 48 7 Yes Yes Yes 0.6 1.8 14C Yes No NoNA 66 5 Yes Yes Yes 0.8 1.4 14D Yes No No NA 66 5 Yes Yes Yes 0.8 1.414E No No No −50 −71 −81 No No No 1.0 2.9 14F No No No 13 −26 −41 Yes NoNo 1.0 3.4 14G No No No −54 −65 −72 No No No 2.1 5.4 17A Yes Yes Yes NANA NA Yes Yes Yes 0.1 0.5 17B No No Yes 1 146 NA Yes Yes Yes 1.1 2.1 17CNo No Yes 5 162 NA Yes Yes Yes 1.1 2.1 17D No No No −25 63 269 No YesYes 1.2 2.2 17E No No No −219 −215 −212 No No No 0.1 0.3 17F Yes Yes YesNA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 1.9 3.3 17G Yes Yes Yes NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 3.65.9

While this invention has been described with respect to at least oneembodiment, the present invention can be further modified within thespirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is thereforeintended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the inventionusing its general principles. Further, this application is intended tocover such departures from the present disclosure as come within knownor customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains andwhich fall within the limits of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An optical layered composite, comprising: asubstrate having a front face, a back face, a thickness d_(s) betweenthe front face and the back face and a refractive index n_(s); and acoating applied to the front face, the coating comprising one or morecoating layers, wherein, for at least one wavelength λ_(g) in the rangefrom 390 nm to 700 nm, the coating satisfies one of the followingcriterion: $\begin{matrix}{{n_{c} < n_{s}};{or}} \\{{n_{c} > n_{s}},{{{{and}\mspace{14mu} d_{c}} < {{\frac{k}{\sqrt{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}} \cdot \arctan}\sqrt{\frac{n_{s}^{2} - 1}{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}}}};}}\end{matrix}$ wherein n_(c) is a mean refractive index of the coatinglayers, weighted by thickness, wherein d_(c) is a total thickness of thecoating, wherein thicknesses are determined in a direction perpendicularto the front face, and wherein k=λ_(g)/4π.
 2. The optical layeredcomposite of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises a group A of one ormore coating layers having a refractive index of at least 1.7 and agroup B of one or more coating layers having a refractive index below1.7.
 3. The optical layered composite of claim 1, wherein the substratehas a refractive index of 1.6 or more.
 4. The optical layered compositeof claim 1, wherein at least one of the following is satisfied: thethickness d_(s) is in the range from 10 to 1500 μm; a radius ofcurvature is greater than 600 mm; an in-plane optical loss measuredperpendicular to the front face is at most 20%; a surface roughness ofthe substrate is less than 5 nm; a surface roughness of the coating isless than 5 nm; a total thickness variation is less than 5 μm; a maximumlocal thickness variation over 75% of the front face is less than 5 μm;a warp is less than 350 μm; or a bow is less than 300 μm.
 5. The opticallayered composite of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises a coatinglayer having a refractive index in the range from 1.70 to 2.60.
 6. Theoptical layered composite of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises acoating layer having a refractive index in the range from 1.37 to 1.60.7. The optical layered composite of claim 1, wherein the substrate isselected from glass, polymer, optoceramics or crystals.
 8. The opticallayered composite of claim 1, further comprising a device for couplinglight into or decoupling light out of the optical layered composite. 9.The optical layered composite of claim 1, wherein the optical layeredcomposite is a wafer.
 10. The optical layered composite of claim 9,wherein at least one of the following criteria is satisfied: the frontface has a surface area in the range from 0.010 to 0.500 m²; thethickness d_(s) is in the range from 10 to 1500 μm; the thickness d_(s)is in the range from 10 to 1500 μm; a radius of curvature is greaterthan 600 mm; an in-plane optical loss measured perpendicular to thefront face is at most 20%; a surface roughness of the substrate is lessthan 5 nm; a surface roughness of the coating is less than 5 nm; a totalthickness variation is less than 5 μm; a maximum local thicknessvariation over 75% of the front face is less than 5 μm; a warp is lessthan 350 μm; a bow is less than 300 μm; or a circular shape.
 11. Adevice, comprising: one or more layered composites, the one or morelayered composites comprising: a substrate having a front face, a backface, a thickness d_(s) between the front face and the back face and arefractive index n_(s); and a coating applied to the front face, thecoating comprising one or more coating layers, wherein, for at least onewavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390 nm to 700 nm, the coatingsatisfies one of the following criterion: $\begin{matrix}{{n_{c} < n_{s}};{or}} \\{{n_{c} > n_{s}},{{{{and}\mspace{14mu} d_{c}} < {{\frac{k}{\sqrt{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}} \cdot \arctan}\sqrt{\frac{n_{s}^{2} - 1}{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}}}};}}\end{matrix}$ wherein n_(c) is a mean refractive index of the coatinglayers, weighted by thickness, wherein d_(c) is a total thickness of thecoating, wherein thicknesses are determined in a direction perpendicularto the front face, and wherein k=λ_(g)/4π.
 12. The device of claim 11,wherein the one or more layered composites comprises a grouping of xlayered, x being an integer of at least 2, wherein the x layeredcomposites are arranged in a stack, their front faces being parallel andoriented in a same direction and a spacer region made of a materialhaving a refractive index below 1.3 is present between each pairing offront face with adjacent back face.
 13. A process for preparing anoptical layered composite, comprising the following process steps:providing a substrate having a front face and a back face; and applyingone or more coating layers to the front face by physical vapordeposition.
 14. A process for making an augmented reality device,comprising the following steps: providing a wafer, the wafer comprising:a layered composite, the layered composite comprising: a substratehaving a front face, a back face, a thickness d_(s) between the frontface and the back face and a refractive index n_(s); and a coatingapplied to the front face, the coating comprising one or more coatinglayers, wherein, for at least one wavelength λ_(g) in the range from 390nm to 700 nm, the coating satisfies one of the following criterion:$\begin{matrix}{{n_{c} < n_{s}};{or}} \\{{n_{c} > n_{s}},{{{{and}\mspace{14mu} d_{c}} < {{\frac{k}{\sqrt{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}} \cdot \arctan}\sqrt{\frac{n_{s}^{2} - 1}{n_{c}^{2} - n_{s}^{2}}}}};}}\end{matrix}$ wherein n_(c) is a mean refractive index of the coatinglayers, weighted by thickness, wherein d_(c) is a total thickness of thecoating, wherein thicknesses are determined in a direction perpendicularto the front face, and wherein k=λ_(g)/4π; reducing a surface area ofthe front face to obtain a portion; and providing the portion as aviewing screen in the augmented reality device.